Progress Toward More Effective and Efficient Safeguards: An IAEA Status Report

In the seven years since the International Atomic Energy Agency Board of Governors approved the Model Protocol Additional to Safeguards Agreements, great progress has been made in establishing the necessary infrastructure, implementing the additional strengthening measures, and drawing broader safeguards conclusions regarding both the non-diversion of nuclear material and the absence of undeclared nuclear material and activities for states as a prerequisite to the implementation of integrated safeguards. As of the end of March 2004, forty states had Additional Protocols in force (or being provisionally applied), broader safeguards conclusions had been drawn for thirteen of these states, and integrated safeguards were being implemented in three. This paper outlines the basis for drawing the broader safeguards conclusions, details progress in implementing Additional Protocols, and describes the status of development and implementation of integrated safeguards.