Authentication in Arms Control

The term \"authentication\" means different things in different applications. In arms control, it refers to a set of measures used to provide confidence that the hardware and software being used to monitor items or facilities accurately report the status and nature of the items and conditions at the facility. It also refers to a related set of measures that provide assurance that the data reviewed by the monitors came from the specified equipment, that it was taken in the designated time window, and that it was not altered after it was collected. This paper discusses how to provide assurance of authenticity of the equipment and the data in the restrictive environment that may be present in arms control scenarios in sensitive weapons facilities