Expectations for Safeguards Effectiveness and Efficiency under the IAEA State - Level Concept

The safeguards system of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) faces a number of serious challenges, especially with regard to safeguards applied pursuant to the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The IAEA Secretariat can tak e a number of steps to improve safeguards, most of which require no decision by the Board of Governors. The approach to safeguards implementation developed by the IAEA Secretariat, currently termed the State Level Concept (SLC), seeks to realize this goal . This paper reviews general principles that should be incorporated into the SLC, as well as outlines ideas for how the SLC should be implemented in NPT Non - Nuclear Weapons States (NNWS) parties, NPT Nuclear Weapon States parties, and Non - NPT Parties.