New verification challenges

To date, nuclear verification efforts have largely focused on IAEA safeguards pursuant to the NPT. IAEA safeguards face a number of challenges, especially detection of undeclared nuclear activities – this will also be a major challenge for new verification missions, such as fissile material cut-off. In developing new verification missions, important lessons can be learnt from IAEA safeguards experience. This paper briefly outlines some of the new verification issues and challenges on the horizon.