Year
2001
Abstract
The paper examines the first experiences in using satellite imagery for the evaluation of information supplied by Member States under the Additional Protocols to Safeguards Agreements (INFCIRC/540(Corrected)). Commercially available satellite imagery is used as a complementary source of information in the State evaluation process instituted under the strengthened safeguards regime. Experience indicates that satellite imagery makes a useful contribution to the evaluation of the correctness and completeness of the information supplied through an Additional Protocol especially with regard to the locations reported under Article 2.a.(iii), descriptions of buildings on sites, including maps of sites. In this regard, satellite imagery is further being used in the planning of site visits. This is especially important where sites declared under an Additional Protocol are large and complex. There are uses of satellite imagery in connection with an Additional Protocol that allow the Agency to evaluate information in-house in lieu of costly efforts in the field. These uses may also include the monitoring of remote and unmanned locations such as those containing high level waste, and to verify the operational status of a reported location, such as a uranium mine. Experience has shown that satellite imagery with a one-meter resolution is sufficient to monitor remote or unmanned sites and to verify site location, layout and operational status.