Safeguards Inspection Regime In Sweden

The presentation will cover a brief overview of the safeguards agreements that Sweden has in place. Sweden has had safeguards agreements with the IAEA since 1975. In 1995, Sweden entered the European Union (EU) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and consequently became part of the agreement between Euratom and the IAEA. The Additional protocol entered into force in 2004 for all the EU member states including Sweden. Although Sweden is a part of the EU it has kept its own national authority to handle safeguards, the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) performs its own safeguards inspections and always participates in the IAEA inspections even if Euratom is present. Sweden is a rather small country but has several different types of nuclear facilities, there are nuclear power plants that are in operation but also some shut down reactors, a fuel fabrication plant and an interim storage for spent fuel. Sweden also has research facility, nuclear Locations outside Facilities (LOF) and non-nuclear LOFs of which one is a national Material Balance Area (MBA) with 13 small installations. The LOFs and non-nuclear LOFs are for example universities, hospitals and companies using nuclear material in research or using depleted uranium for shielding radioactive sources in measurement equipment. The challenges regarding safeguards at LOFs and non-nuclear LOFs compared to larger nuclear facilities are clearly noticeable during the inspections. The challenges with the LOFs and non-nuclear LOFs are probably caused by the fact that the nuclear material is not used regularly and sometimes it is only stored or used as shielding for radioactive sources. The presentation will give an overview of the last 4 years of safeguards field activities, including safeguards inspections and complementary accesses performed by the IAEA, Euratom and SSM. The safeguards activities depend on the type of installation, some activities are only performed by the IAEA while SSM participates as representative from the State, some activities are only performed by Euratom. SSM also perform their own activities preferably at the LOF and non-nuclear LOF.