omplementarities and Synergies of EU, U . S . and IAEA Nuclear Security Outreach P rojects

n the area of nuclear security outreach projects, a number of international donors and assistance programmes are active world - wide, such as the European Commission (through its Instrument for Stability and implementation of projects also via the Joint Re search Centre), the IAEA (Office of Nuclear Security) and the United States Department of Energy (NNSA - S econd L ine of Defense ) and Department of State ( Export Control and related Border Security Program ( EX BS ) and N uclear S muggling O utreach I nitiative ( NSOI ) ) . In the last seven years, an efficient information exch ange , coordination and collaboration mechanism has been established between the aforementioned partners through the Border Monitoring Working Group (BMWG). The BMWG has gained international recognition 1 over the years and is now considered as a model working group inspiring other coordination initiative s (e.g: working group s on the security of radioactive sources and export control outreach and capacity building ) . This paper will assess the BMWG’s guiding rationale and typical coordinated activities to highlight the possible benefits from and limitations of leveraging the complementarities and synergies of multiple international assistance programmes . This will include a comparison of the range of and implementation mechanisms for nuclear security capacity building. Key point s , based on previous experience, are the sustainability and continuous capacity building issues related to management and operations, maintenance and training.