The likelihood of nuclear terrorism in Indonesia and its effect on nuclear security culture profile

Nuclear security preventive measure without a well-defined threat is a resources wasting process. Implementation of Physical Protection System (PPS) or Human Reliability Program (HRP) requires a defined threat to deal with. State authority typically provides a threat definition for its nuclear operators. Nuclear security threat seems to be hard to be identified since the record showing a theft or sabotage of nuclear material or facility is usually insufficient hence created uncertainty. A culture profile trials on occupational safety and health (OHS) in Indonesian nuclear facility (BATAN) has showed that its result tends to be more realistic compared to another survey for nuclear security. Although those two survey results show different scores of culture, where the security culture score is believed as better than of OHS, those results reveals many same problems: ineffective staff-manager communication and non-proactive personnel attitude. In some interview, most respondent told that their organization has not well enough in dealing with OHS threat and they are fully aware on that topic. In the other hand, the interview revealed that most respondent has a misperception on nuclear security where they feel that it is a system to assure their individual security while they are in a nuclear facility. This inferred us that most people feel a threat on personnel security is more visible to nuclear threat itself. From this, there is a question whether there is an existing nuclear security threat or not. If it is, the next step would be on how to make it be more visible so then create a belief that the threat is truly exist. A comprehensive global and national nuclear safety and security analysis must be developed to study a most credible national nuclear security threat. The method can be built based on close related nuclear safety and security incidents. The study must also be strengten by socio-economic facts analysis. The result has provided a fact that the nuclear security threat does exist. Hence, relating it to the nuclear security culture profile, it can be conclude that there is a problem of personal and organizational awareness on dealing with the recent threat.