Extended Detection and Virtual Presence In a Physical Security System

Sandia National Laboratories developed a security system which extends intrusion detection and assessment beyond the traditional facility boundary. Virtual Perimeter Security (VPS) utilizes low-power, wireless intrusion detection sensors and wireless video assessment equipment to achieve extended perimeter intrusion detection. VPS is capable of incorporating multiple protocols and various types of hardware and can easily integrate future hardware and technology. The system’s flexibility permits VPS to interface with existing command and control systems both internal and external to the facility. The system design allows integration of newer technologies, such as state-of-the-art wireless intrusion detection sensors. VPS can monitor and control strategically placed sensor and video assessment systems throughout a large facility. VPS defined a three-tiered system architecture to achieve the required performance requirements. Long-range primary sensors, like radars, may cover most of the perimeter surface area, but secondary short range sensors are needed to fill in blind spots and terrain depressions. VPS deployed a variety of short range sensor systems (~10-30m sensing range) to meet its intrusion detection needs. VPS also implemented high bandwidth, IP-based cameras to aid in video assessment of intrusion events. A typical VPS video assessment node utilized two day/night IPbased cameras, a voice over IP intercom for remote audio, and received its power from a solar energy supply. The assessment node was designed to support up to three IP-based cameras. The radio frequency (RF) links have been deployed in rough terrain and operate well in non-line-ofsight conditions. Eventually, information from the video assessment nodes will be combined with local sensor data in an effort to reduce nuisance alarms and aid in target tracking. The sensor data will be transmitted via a secure high-speed backhaul wireless network to the facility command center. In the fall of 2005, VPS was demonstrated in a remote location at Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM. The system verified the operational concepts and is currently serving as a basis for future deployments.