Design and Performance Testing of a Linear Array of Position-Sensitive Virtual Frisch-Grid CdZnTe Detectors for Uranium Enrichment Measurements

Year
2018
Author(s)
Susan Pepper - Brookhaven National Laboratory
George J. Mahler - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Jonathan G. Dreyer - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Peter E. Vanier - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Giuseppe Camarda - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Daniel J. Decman - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Aleksey Bolotnikov - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Ron Jeffcoat - Savannah River National Laboratory
William H. Geist - Los Alamos National Laboratory
Duc Vo - Los Alamos National Laboratory
Gianluigi De Geronimo - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Emerson Vernon - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Luis Ocampo-Giraldo - Brookhaven National Laboratory
Abstract
Arrays of position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors with enhanced energy resolution have been proposed for spectroscopy and imaging of gamma-ray sources in different applications. The flexibility of the array design, which can employ CZT crystals with thicknesses up to several centimeters in the direction of electron drift, allows for integration into different kinds of field-portable instruments. These can include small hand-held devices, compact gamma cameras and large field-of-view imaging systems. In this work, we present results for a small linear array of such detectors optimized for the low-energy region, 50-400 keV gamma-rays, which is principally intended for incorporation into hand-held instruments. There are many potential application areas for such instruments, including uranium enrichment measurements, storage monitoring, dosimetry and other safeguards-related tasks that can benefit from compactness and isotope-identification capability. The array described here provides a relatively large area with a minimum number of readout channels, which potentially allows the developers to avoid using an ASIC-based electronic readout by substituting it with hybrid preamplifiers followed by digitizers. The array prototype consists of six (5x7x25 mm3) CZT detectors positioned in a line facing the source to achieve a maximum exposure area (~10 cm2). Each detector is furnished with 5 mm-wide charge-sensing pads placed near the anode. The pad signals are converted into X-Y coordinates for each interaction event, which are combined with the cathode signals (for determining the Z coordinates) to give 3D positional information for all interaction points. This information is used to correct the response non-uniformity caused by material inhomogeneity, which therefore allows the usage of standard-grade (unselected) CZT crystals, while achieving high-resolution spectroscopic performance for the instrument. In this presentation we describe the design of the array, the results from detailed laboratory tests, and preliminary results from measurements taken during a field test.